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2009年1月10日

クラスター爆弾禁止条約と請願権

以下、断定系で書きますが、ソースがwikiとか不確かな物も多いので、「らしい」と読み替えてください^^;

 まずもって、この話の概略は
クラスター爆弾禁止条約を批准しないことを求める請願が西村慎吾代議士を紹介議員として提出される。と言う話が河野太郎代議士のブログに書いてあったので、何?と思って調べたメモです。

 読んでみたいという方は以下

 まず、日本は2008年12月にクラスター爆弾禁止条約というのに署名した。

 クラスター爆弾というのは、wikipediaによれば

 主に航空機や地対地ロケット弾、砲弾などに搭載される。通常の空対地爆弾とほぼ同サイズのケースの中に、小型爆弾や地雷で構成される数個から数百個の子弾を内蔵する。このケースが発射、投下の後に空中で破裂することで子弾を散布し、多数の小規模な爆発を引き起こすなどして広範囲の目標に損害を与える。多数の小型爆弾で、人的被害や、あまり強固ではない建造物、装甲の薄い兵器に対して広範囲の被害を狙うものと、少数の対戦車誘導爆弾を搭載して機甲部隊への打撃を狙うものがある。

というような爆弾で、少ない個数で大きな効果があったり、戦略的にも使い勝手のよい武器。

 その武器は、たくさん蒔くその子弾に不発弾が多い。で、その不発弾が地雷のように働き一般の人に被害を与える。非人道的なので、禁止しちゃおう。と言うことで条約が作られている。


 しかし、アメリカ、中国、ロシアのような国は無視。
 でもって、西村眞悟議員

 クラスター爆弾が無くなっても当面、国防上の脅威を感じない北欧やイギリス、フランスそしてイタリアなどの諸国とは我が国の位置が違う。既に述べたように、我が国の周辺国はすべてクラスター爆弾も対人地雷も保有し続けているのである。ついでに言うなら、生物化学兵器も造り続けている。

 従って、現在の時点において、我が国だけが地雷に続いてクラスター爆弾も放棄して、どうして国防が成り立つのであろうか。

 また、我が国国防の柱は、日米同盟による日米両軍の共同対処であるが、果たして対人地雷もクラスター爆弾も無い日本軍(自衛隊)との共同戦闘行動をアメリカ軍が行うであろうか。

 地雷やクラスターがあれば出なくてもよい死傷者がアメリカ軍兵士にでれば、その時点で日米共同対処の体勢は崩壊するであろう。つまり、日米同盟解消である。何故なら、亡くなったアメリカ軍兵士の母親や家族を擁するアメリカの世論が、日本のために自分たちの子供が戦うことを拒否するからである。

と理由で反論。
 その結果『クラスター爆弾禁止条約の批准を国会承認しないことに関する請願』を提出。

クラスター爆弾禁止条約の文章を読むと。クラスター爆弾についての議論があり、国防をとるのか人道をとるのか。みたいな話があるようで。


 その他の言葉を探してみると

石破防衛相は同日の会見で「日本は4種類のクラスター爆弾を保有しているが、この四つは規制の対象になると判断している。それに変わる抑止力として、最新型がどういう意味を持つのか、検討する」と述べた。 (5月30日毎日新聞)

 議論自体は結構なされているようですが、当時の石破さんは国防には必要だと思っていた模様。
 それでも結局署名したと言うことは、それに変わるもっと高価な兵器(禁止されていないクラスター?)を買うと言うことになるのかな。

 ここまでが、まずはクラスター爆弾禁止条約についての話。


 次に、この提出された「請願」の話。
 この請願というのは、憲法16条にあり、請願法という法律によって規定されている正式な手続きです。

憲法第十六条  何人も、損害の救済、公務員の罷免、法律、命令又は規則の制定、廃止又は改正その他の事項に関し、平穏に請願する権利を有し、何人も、かかる請願をしたためにいかなる差別待遇も受けない。

 この出された請願を、提出された外務委員会は

いやいや、請願を不採択にしたのは四十二年前が最後でして、その後は不採択にはせず保留することになっています。(参照元

とおっしゃっている。


> 自分へ
 感想を述べたいなら
★クラスター爆弾の性能、効果、取り巻く環境等をきちんと調査すること
★憲法解釈、判例、国会で扱われている現状などを調査すること


参考
●外務省 yori クラスター弾に関する条約
●外務省 yori クラスター弾に関する国際的取組
●衆議院議員河野太郎発行メルマガ「ごまめの歯ぎしり」 yori 委員長の乱
●眞悟の時事通信 yori クラスター爆弾禁止条約
憲法
請願法
●衆議院 yori 請願名「クラスター爆弾禁止条約の批准を国会承認しないことに関する請願」の情報
●wiki yori クラスター弾に関する条約
●wiki yori クラスター爆弾

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